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Android -- EventBus解析
阅读量:5055 次
发布时间:2019-06-12

本文共 15974 字,大约阅读时间需要 53 分钟。

EventBus

EventBus 是一个 Android 事件发布/订阅框架,通过解耦发布者和订阅者简化 Android 事件传递。传统的事件传递方式包括:Handler、BroadCastReceiver、Interface 回调,相比之下 EventBus 的优点是代码简洁,使用简单,并将事件发布和订阅充分解耦。

事件(Event):又可称为消息。其实就是一个对象,可以是网络请求返回的字符串,也可以是某个开关状态等等。事件类型(EventType)指事件所属的 Class。事件分为一般事件和 Sticky 事件,相对于一般事件,Sticky 事件不同之处在于,当事件发布后,再有订阅者开始订阅该类型事件,依然能收到该类型事件最近一个 Sticky 事件。

订阅者(Subscriber):订阅某种事件类型的对象。当有发布者发布这类事件后,EventBus 会执行订阅者的 onEvent 函数,这个函数叫事件响应函数。订阅者通过 register 接口订阅某个事件类型,unregister 接口退订。订阅者存在优先级,优先级高的订阅者可以取消事件继续向优先级低的订阅者分发,默认所有订阅者优先级都为 0。

发布者(Publisher):发布某事件的对象,通过 post 接口发布事件。

类关系

161419084233587.png

流程

161419324701441.png

EventBus 负责存储订阅者、事件相关信息,订阅者和发布者都只和 EventBus 关联。

161419449075073.png

订阅者首先调用 EventBus 的 register 接口订阅某种类型的事件,当发布者通过 post 接口发布该类型的事件时,EventBus 执行调用者的事件响应函数。

解析

EventBus 类负责所有对外暴露的 API,其中的 register()、post()、unregister() 函数配合上自定义的 EventType 及事件响应函数即可完成核心功能。

EventBus 默认可通过静态函数 getDefault() 获取单例,当然有需要也可以通过 EventBusBuilder 或 构造函数新建一个 EventBus,每个新建的 EventBus 发布和订阅事件都是相互隔离的,即一个 EventBus 对象中的发布者发布事件,另一个 EventBus 对象中的订阅者不会收到该订阅。

EventBus.getDefault().register(this);

register()方法解析:

public void register(Object subscriber) {        Class
subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass(); // @Subscribe in anonymous classes is invisible to annotation processing, always fall back to reflection boolean forceReflection = subscriberClass.isAnonymousClass(); List
subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass, forceReflection);//主要查找又什么方法是在这个函数里面 for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) { subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod); } }

通过一个findSubscriberMethods方法找到了一个订阅者中的所有订阅方法,返回一个 List。

List
findSubscriberMethods(Class
subscriberClass, boolean forceReflection) { //类名 String key = subscriberClass.getName(); List
subscriberMethods; synchronized (METHOD_CACHE) { //判断是否有缓存,有缓存直接返回缓存 subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(key); } //第一次进来subscriberMethods肯定是Null if (subscriberMethods != null) { return subscriberMethods; } //INDEX是GeneratedSubscriberIndex if (INDEX != null && !forceReflection) { subscriberMethods = findSubscriberMethodsWithIndex(subscriberClass);//后面再来看这个函数 if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) { subscriberMethods = findSubscriberMethodsWithReflection(subscriberClass);//通过反射来找到方法 } } else { subscriberMethods = findSubscriberMethodsWithReflection(subscriberClass);//通过反射来找到方法 } if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) { throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass + " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation"); } else { synchronized (METHOD_CACHE) { METHOD_CACHE.put(key, subscriberMethods);//放入缓存 } return subscriberMethods; } }

findSubscriberMethodsWithReflection:

private List
findSubscriberMethodsWithReflection(Class
subscriberClass) { List
subscriberMethods = new ArrayList
(); Class
clazz = subscriberClass; HashSet
eventTypesFound = new HashSet
(); StringBuilder methodKeyBuilder = new StringBuilder(); while (clazz != null) { String name = clazz.getName(); //过滤掉系统类 if (name.startsWith("java.") || name.startsWith("javax.") || name.startsWith("android.")) { // Skip system classes, this just degrades performance break; } // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again) //通过反射,获取到订阅者的所有方法 Method[] methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods(); for (Method method : methods) { int modifiers = method.getModifiers(); //判断是否是public,是否有修饰符 if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) { //获得订阅函数的参数 Class
[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes(); //参数只能是1个 if (parameterTypes.length == 1) { //通过Annotation去拿一些数据 Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class); if (subscribeAnnotation != null) { String methodName = method.getName();//方法名字 Class
eventType = parameterTypes[0];//类型 //获取参数类型,其实就是接收事件的类型 methodKeyBuilder.setLength(0); methodKeyBuilder.append(methodName); methodKeyBuilder.append('>').append(eventType.getName()); String methodKey = methodKeyBuilder.toString(); if (eventTypesFound.add(methodKey)) { // Only add if not already found in a sub class ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode(); //封装一个订阅方法对象,这个对象包含Method对象,threadMode对象,eventType对象,优先级prority,sticky subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode, subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky())); } } } else if (strictMethodVerification) { if (method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) { String methodName = name + "." + method.getName(); throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName + "must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length); } } } else if (strictMethodVerification) { if (method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) { String methodName = name + "." + method.getName(); throw new EventBusException(methodName + " is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract"); } } } //再去查找父类 clazz = clazz.getSuperclass(); } return subscriberMethods; }

方法的讲解都在注释里面。

for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {            subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);        }

每个订阅方法都调用subscribe方法:

private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {        //从订阅方法中拿到订阅事件的类型          Class
eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType; //通过订阅事件类型,找到所有的订阅(Subscription),订阅中包含了订阅者,订阅方法 CopyOnWriteArrayList
subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType); //创建一个新的订阅 Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod); //将新建的订阅加入到这个事件类型对应的所有订阅列表 if (subscriptions == null) { //如果该事件目前没有订阅列表,那么创建并加入该订阅 subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList
(); subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions); } else { //如果有订阅列表,检查是否已经加入过 if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) { throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event " + eventType); } } // Starting with EventBus 2.2 we enforced methods to be public (might change with annotations again) // subscriberMethod.method.setAccessible(true); // Got to synchronize to avoid shifted positions when adding/removing concurrently //根据优先级插入订阅 synchronized (subscriptions) { int size = subscriptions.size(); for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) { if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) { subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription); break; } } } //将这个订阅事件加入到订阅者的订阅事件列表中 List
> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber); if (subscribedEvents == null) { subscribedEvents = new ArrayList
>(); typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents); } subscribedEvents.add(eventType); if (subscriberMethod.sticky) { if (eventInheritance) { // Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered. // Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events, // thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup // (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List
). Set
, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet(); for (Map.Entry
, Object> entry : entries) { Class
candidateEventType = entry.getKey(); if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) { Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue(); checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent); } } } else { Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType); checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent); } } }

第一步:通过subscriptionsByEventType得到该事件类型所有订阅者信息队列,根据优先级将当前订阅者信息插入到订阅者队列subscriptionsByEventType中;

第二步:在typesBySubscriber中得到当前订阅者订阅的所有事件队列,将此事件保存到队列typesBySubscriber中,用于后续取消订阅;

第三步:检查这个事件是否是 Sticky 事件,如果是则从stickyEvents事件保存队列中取出该事件类型最后一个事件发送给当前订阅者

private void checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(Subscription newSubscription, Object stickyEvent) {        if (stickyEvent != null) {            // If the subscriber is trying to abort the event, it will fail (event is not tracked in posting state)            // --> Strange corner case, which we don't take care of here.            postToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent, Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper());        }    }
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {        switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {            case PostThread:                invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);                break;            case MainThread:                if (isMainThread) {                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);                } else {                    mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);                }                break;            case BackgroundThread:                if (isMainThread) {                    backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);                } else {                    invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);                }                break;            case Async:                asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);                break;            default:                throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);        }    }

过程:

  1. 找到被注册者中所有的订阅方法。
  2. 依次遍历订阅方法,找到EventBus中eventType对应的订阅列表,然后根据当前订阅者和订阅方法创建一个新的订阅加入到订阅列表。
  3. 找到EvnetBus中subscriber订阅的事件列表,将eventType加入到这个事件列表。
public void post(Object event) {        //拿到PostingThreadState        PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();        List eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;        //将事件放入队列         eventQueue.add(event);        if (!postingState.isPosting) {            postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();            postingState.isPosting = true;//设置为正在post            if (postingState.canceled) {                throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");            }            try {                while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {                    //分发事件                    postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);                }            } finally {                postingState.isPosting = false;                postingState.isMainThread = false;            }        }    }
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {        Class
eventClass = event.getClass(); boolean subscriptionFound = false; if (eventInheritance) { //找到eventClass对应的事件,包含父类对应的事件和接口对应的事件 List
> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass); int countTypes = eventTypes.size(); for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) { Class
clazz = eventTypes.get(h); //postSingleEventForEventType去查找,其中里面的数据都是通过subscribe()缓存进去的 subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz); } } else { subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass); } if (!subscriptionFound) { if (logNoSubscriberMessages) { Log.d(TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass); } if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class && eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) { //如果没有订阅发现,那么会Post一个NoSubscriberEvent事件 post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event)); } } }
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class
eventClass) { CopyOnWriteArrayList
subscriptions; synchronized (this) { //subscriptionsByEventType是从subscribe()缓存进去的 subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass); } if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) { for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) { postingState.event = event; postingState.subscription = subscription; boolean aborted = false; try { //对每个订阅调用该方法 postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread); aborted = postingState.canceled; } finally { postingState.event = null; postingState.subscription = null; postingState.canceled = false; } if (aborted) { break; } } return true; } return false; }

post 函数会首先得到当前线程的 post 信息PostingThreadState,其中包含事件队列,将当前事件添加到其事件队列中,然后循环调用 postSingleEvent 函数发布队列中的每个事件。

postSingleEvent 函数会先去eventTypesCache得到该事件对应类型的的父类及接口类型,没有缓存则查找并插入缓存。循环得到的每个类型和接口,调用 postSingleEventForEventType 函数发布每个事件到每个订阅者。

postSingleEventForEventType 函数在subscriptionsByEventType查找该事件订阅者订阅者队列,调用 postToSubscription 函数向每个订阅者发布事件。

postToSubscription 函数中会判断订阅者的 ThreadMode,从而决定在什么 Mode 下执行事件响应函数。

ThreadMode

  1. PostThread:默认的 ThreadMode,表示在执行 Post 操作的线程直接调用订阅者的事件响应方法,不论该线程是否为主线程(UI 线程)。当该线程为主线程时,响应方法中不能有耗时操作,否则有卡主线程的风险。适用场景:对于是否在主线程执行无要求,但若 Post 线程为主线程,不能耗时的操作
  2. MainThread:在主线程中执行响应方法。如果发布线程就是主线程,则直接调用订阅者的事件响应方法,否则通过主线程的 Handler 发送消息在主线程中处理——调用订阅者的事件响应函数。显然,MainThread类的方法也不能有耗时操作,以避免卡主线程。适用场景:必须在主线程执行的操作
  3. BackgroundThread:在后台线程中执行响应方法。如果发布线程不是主线程,则直接调用订阅者的事件响应函数,否则启动唯一的后台线程去处理。由于后台线程是唯一的,当事件超过一个的时候,它们会被放在队列中依次执行,因此该类响应方法虽然没有PostThread类和MainThread类方法对性能敏感,但最好不要有重度耗时的操作或太频繁的轻度耗时操作,以造成其他操作等待。适用场景:操作轻微耗时且不会过于频繁,即一般的耗时操作都可以放在这里;
  4. Async:不论发布线程是否为主线程,都使用一个空闲线程来处理。和BackgroundThread不同的是,Async类的所有线程是相互独立的,因此不会出现卡线程的问题。适用场景:长耗时操作,例如网络访问

我是天王盖地虎的分割线

dependencies {    compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')    compile 'de.greenrobot:eventbus:3.0.0-beta1'}

Android -- EventBus使用: http://www.cnblogs.com/yydcdut/p/4290846.html

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yydcdut/p/4651208.html

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